How do some engines rev to 9,000 RPM?

Why can some engine rev high and other cannot?

The Honda S2000, the Mazda RX-8, the Ferrari 458, the Porsche GT3. What all of these cars have in common is that in stock form they'll rev all the way to 9,000 RPM, if not faster. But what allows for an engine to rev to such high speeds, and why can't all engines rev this high?

This video will address five questions and subjects:
1. What is the purpose of a high revving engine?
2. How do piston speeds relate to engine speeds?
3. How does reciprocating mass play a role in engine speeds?
4. How do cars maintain flat torque curves and proper airflow at high rpm?
5. Are there disadvantages to a low revving engine?

Engineering Explained is a participant in the Amazon Influencer Program.